RACIAL PROFILING
Introduction
Due to stereotypes and racial profiling, the race is still a big role in police brutality in the U.S., and all the above will be examined and reviewed in this research. Police officers target black males mainly because of their stereotype. Most people are kept from getting the help they need by racial discrimination and a lot of deaths that could be prevented are caused by this. Places that are known to help and keep people safe should be easily accessible by anyone.
Literature review
Dunn, R. A. (2015). Racial profiling: a persistent civil right challenge even in the twenty-first century. Case W. Res. L. Rev., 66, 957.
· This article demonstrates how racial profiling is the strategy of pointing or confining individuals founded principally on their race, as opposed to on a particular mistrust.
Nadal, K. L., Davidoff, K. C., Allicock, N., Serpe, C. R., & Erazo, T. (2017). Perceptions of police, racial profiling, and psychological outcomes: A mixed methodological study. Journal of Social Issues, 73(4), 808-830.
· Authors of this article concluded that there is “bias in police shootings stems, at any rate to some degree, from the officer’s role as protectors of the privileged (transcendently White) classes over the less fortunate (dominatingly minority) citizenry.” The reason why blacks are more profiled than white is that they live in high-crime communities with low-income and infrastructure.
Angus, J., & Crichlow, V. (2018). A race and power perspective on police brutality in America. FAU Undergraduate Research Journal, 7, 8-8.
· Angus & Crichlow conducted a study where a video game-like simulation was used to portray a “shoot/don’t shoot” situation. What the study aimed to achieve is to demonstrate how racial bias in both the speed and accuracy with which such decisions were made.
Schwartz, S. A. (2020). Police brutality and racism in America. Explore (New York, NY).
· Schwartz examined how ecological and neighborhood context determines polices behavior. The function of race, in this case, could not be defined by the disparate treatment of minorities. Instead, either the white or black community would influence the behavior of police dependent on racial and composition of a neighborhood.
Edwards, F., Lee, H., & Esposito, M. (2019). Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race-ethnicity, and sex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34), 16793-16798.
· This book is resourceful on the topic of ethnicity as discuss how the African community suffers in the hands of the police through searches and improper handling of the victims’ person.
Smith, A. L., & Mason, S. E. (2016). The Age of Racial Profiling in the Context of Terrorism. Modern Psychological Studies, 21(2), 75–82.
0. This article explains that racial profiling refers to the law enforcement using race or ethnicity as probable cause to search or arrest an individual. This study uses an explicit judgment survey to figure the prejudices and stereotypes that are seen daily. The study concluded that individuals who were affiliated with a political party were more likely to racially profile. These stereotypes included ones of middle eastern men being terrorists and black men robbing someone at gun point.
Hayden, S. D. (2019). “Parking While Black”: Pretextual Stops, Racism, Parking, and an Alternative Approach. Southern Illinois University Law Journal, 44(1), 107–144.
0. This journal explained the fears a black man went through while getting pulled over by a white officer. It also goes into depth about The Whren Effect and how the problem of racial profiling came to light by the rejection of the reasonable officer test in Whren. The test was known to fail, meaning limiting police discretionary power and pretextual stops in general is important.
Pundik, A. (2017). Against Racial Profiling. University of Toronto Law Journal, 67(2), 175–205.
0. This journal is another example of how racial profiling is prone in young African American males that are walking at night. This particular example states that there was a suspicious bulge in his pocket. It is argued that racial profiling is often advocated as a means of maximizing the effectiveness of scarce resources in controlling crime and preventing terrorist attacks. But it is much deeper for others, like these black males that are scared to be outside after dark and fear for their life when they are getting pulled over. This article is interesting because it states both sides of the argument and argues great points.
Research questions
Is racial profiling simply a black and white issue within the police force?
Methods and data collection
In order to examine the impacts if any for the reason why racial profiling is dependent on white or black within the police force, qualitative phenomenological research will be used, demeanors, and outlooks about the police. Data will be collected using interviews using purposive sampling method. Data will be collected using 5 to 7 ten question interviews over the Internet via Skype.
Hypothetical Findings
The findings of the study filled the gap in the current literature on racial profiling by focusing on the position of Black adults, that have faced law enforcement officers through the discussed policing system of racial profiling, instead of focusing on law enforcement’s viewpoint as have various past analysts.
Suggestions for Future Research
My suggestion for future study resulting from this study would be to conduct a qualitative research study that looks at racial profiling from the cop’s point of view. This would assist the researcher with building up a better comprehension of how the police see the societies that they police and give extra information that could assist with overcoming any issues between the police and the racial and ethnic minority community.
Conclusion
In summary, the main problem that require to be talked about when it comes to dealing with suspects and people are discrimination, harassment, the use of excessive force, and racial profiling. Garner’s case where he died due to chest and neck compressions after being contained in a chokehold is a good example of how racial profiling can result in tragic outcomes. Mistrust of the police, intimidation, and harassment, and unnecessary searches and stops can also be a result of racial profiling. Communities mistrust the police and this makes it hard for them to collaborate with the law enforcers in crime-fighting. The national government should make strong laws and policies to monitor the conduct of police officers; this will assist in addressing these issues. Thorough training on how to handle suspects and the community should be provided to the police.
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