NUR 550 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

NUR 550 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Because chronic disease is the most costly and preventable in the United States, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) created academic research centers that “…conduct community based applied public health research to address chronic disease…causes of death and disability in the United State” (CDC, 2022).

Healthcare is slowly shifting from a proactive to a more reactive stance when it comes to public health. Insurances are now mandated to cover more preventative services than in the past.  Currently, there is an array of screenings they must provide, some of which include some cancer screenings, diet counseling, and alcohol misuse screenings, among many others (Preventative, n.d.).  Part of those screenings include genomics; “Genomics plays a role in 9 out of 10 leading causes of death…” (Genomics, 2022). Multidisciplinary research in ecological and global issues, and social determinants is key to establishing which diseases are more prevalent in the communities and which need to be addressed. But traditional research takes year to reach application, therefore it is no longer the only or the most effective way to address public health; translational research is helping bridge that gap between research and application.

Translations research, also known as implementation science, tests implementation interventions as well as clarify “…what implementations work for whom” (Titler, 2018). The wait time between evidence-based research and application contributes to poor health outcomes; translational research integrates evidence-based research into practice to improve health care delivery and improve the burden of global disease (Titler, 2018).

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, November 10). Prevention Research Centers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 29, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/prc/

Genomics.Healthy People 2020. (2022). Retrieved January 29, 2023, from https://wayback.archive-it.org/5774/20220413202808/ https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/genomics

Preventive care benefits for adults. HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2023, from https://www.healthcare.gov/preventive-care-adults/

Titler, M. G. (2018). Translation Research in Practice: An Introduction. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(2), 1. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No02Man01

Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS NUR 550 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics:

 When considering ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, genetics, and genomics, translational research methods are the key to moving new therapies into clinical practice – easing the burden of global diseases and disorders. Thus, translational research examines how scientific work can be moved into clinical practice to inspire evidence-based practice changes that benefit society (“Translation research”, 2020).

    By recognizing how social determinants such as economic stability, educational quality, educational levels, health care access, and quality impact populations, researchers can be better positioned to understand how to address, reduce, and prevent certain disorders and diseases of specific populations in the future.

    According to DeNisco, 2019, p.193, incidences of cancer around the world are rising. The pain and suffering stemming from cancer and other diseases and health disorders is a motivational factor that may influence science researchers into utilizing translational research to translate new treatments, medications, and technological products into clinical practice in a timely manner.

    Currently, an area of research – called genetic engineering, is in place to assist in customizing and individualizing patient care (DeNisco, 2019, p. 392). Thus, genetic engineering is where the genome (an organism’s DNA and all of its genes), is plotted to provide an understanding of individual DNA, which also analyzes the impact of external factors (genomics), (DeNisco, 2019, p. 392).  

    Hence, in their article, Ren et al., 2022 discussed that they applied translational research to pave the way in developing new generation treatments to treat inherited retinal disease (IRD), where their approaches entered into clinical phases of development, and some have translated into approved products that assist in manifesting improved patient outcomes related to IRD.

References

DeNisco, S. M. (2019). Advanced Practice Nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Ren, D., Fisson, S., Dalkara, D., & Ail, D. (2022). Immune Responses to Gene Editing by Viral and Non-Viral Delivery Vectors Used in Retinal Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 14(9), N.PAG. https://10.3390/pharmaceutics14091973

Translation research. (2020, February 24). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/translationresearch/default.html

Translational research can be applied to different areas related to ecological and global issues to address the burden of global disease by studying social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics. This can be done a variety of different ways using experimental studies or observational studies. Experimental studies have two groups. One is the experimental group, and the other is the control group. Researchers then compare the groups to evaluate the intervention. Observational studies can be case-control studies where data is collected regarding exposure to risk factors. Another type of observational study is a cohort study where subjects are followed over time to determine the exposure/disease relationship (Nash et al., 2019). The findings of these different types of studies can be used to address the burden of global disease through dissemination and implementation of research for a system-wide change during the translation into practice phase of translational research.

References

Nash, D. B., Skoufalos, A., Fabius, R. J., & Oglesby, W. H. (2019). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

RESPOND HERE

It is true that experimental studies have two groups; experimental and control groups. These two groups are important in determining the findings. However, control group is mainly used to check experimental group during the experiment. Researchers ensure that they choose these groups keenly to avoid errors that can interfere with the accuracy of the research findings (Khan et al., 2020). In healthcare settings, experiments are common fact-finding engagements. Translational research applies the same routine as experimental studies. As a result, translational research is also important in providing crucial information on health issues (Fang et al., 2020). Researchers then compare the experiment and control groups to evaluate the intervention. Observational studies can be case-control studies where data is collected regarding exposure to risk factors. Health professionals understand the impact of using incorrect information in decision-making process. As a result, research is prioritized in the provision of information on social determinants of health. Other health professionals prefer integrating various types of studies in understanding social determinants of health.

References

Fang, E. F., Xie, C., Schenkel, J. A., Wu, C., Long, Q., Cui, H., … & Woo, J. (2020). A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century: Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks. Ageing research reviews, 64, 101174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174

Khan, R. M. M., Chua, Z. J. Y., Tan, J. C., Yang, Y., Liao, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2019). From pre-diabetes to diabetes: diagnosis, treatments and translational research. Medicina, 55(9), 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090546