Department of Health Program Discussion
Department of Health Program Discussion
Department of Health Program Discussion
Question Description
I’m studying for my Health & Medical class and need an explanation.
Find two programs or services that are offered by the MS State Department of Health and write two paragraphs about each of the programs you chose.
The most effective public health programs are based on an evidence-based technical package: a selected group of related interventions that, together, will achieve and sustain substantial and sometimes synergistic improvements in a specific risk factor or disease outcome. A technical package of proven interventions sharpens and focuses what otherwise might be vague commitments to “action” by committing to implementation of specific interventions known to be effective. It also avoids a scattershot approach of using a large number of interventions, many of which have only a small impact.
Simplicity is key to success. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness initiative, intended as an integrated approach that focuses on the well-being of the whole child to reduce mortality among children younger than 5 years, can improve the quality of clinical care for sick children.3,4 However, program coverage in most countries has rarely reached levels high enough to achieve expected reductions in mortality, in part because of the complexity of this approach.
The DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy for tuberculosis control has only 5 components: sustained political and financial commitment, good laboratory diagnosis, standardized treatment provided under direct observation, a steady supply of high-quality anti-tuberculosis drugs, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation of and accountability for each patient’s outcome. In the nearly 2 decades since widespread adoption of the DOTS strategy, more than 56 million people have been successfully treated and 22 million lives have been saved.5 In the absence of HIV, DOTS can reduce the incidence of active tuberculosis by about half in 10 years.6
WHO’s MPOWER package for tobacco control consists of 6 key policy measures: monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies; protecting people from tobacco smoke; offering help to quit tobacco use; warning about the dangers of tobacco; enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; and raising tobacco prices.7 The state of California and the city of New York each invested in sustained implementation of comprehensive tobacco control technical packages that helped establish the MPOWER strategy and have recorded steady, long-term declines in smoking prevalence.8,9
In Uruguay, which implemented most elements of the MPOWER strategy sooner than any other country, smoking prevalence fell by a quarter in just 3 years, perhaps the fastest decline ever recorded.10,11 Turkey, the first country to attain the highest level of achievement in all 6 MPOWER measures, saw a 13.4% decline in smoking prevalence in the 3.5 years after it enacted a comprehensive tobacco control law that specifically addressed requirements of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and incorporated the MPOWER technical package.12 Progress in all of these places was achieved because of sustained political support for difficult and sometimes controversial decisions, as well as adherence to the established evidence base of a limited set of proven interventions that are affordable and scalable and have the largest impact on health.
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