Benchmark – Policy Brief assignment
NRS 428 Benchmark – Policy Brief assignment
Benchmark – Policy Brief assignment
The benchmark assesses the following competencies:
1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.
Research public health issues on the “Climate Change” or “Topics and Issues” pages of the American Public Health Association (APHA) website. Investigate a public health issue related to an environmental
NRS 428 Benchmark – Policy Brief assignment Essays
issue within the U.S. health care delivery system and examine its effect on a specific population.
Write a 750-1,000-word policy brief that summarizes the issue, explains the effect on the population, and proposes a solution to the issue.
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Follow this outline when writing the policy brief:
1. Describe the policy health issue. Include the following information: (a) what population is affected, (b) at what level does it occur (local, state, or national), and (c) evidence about the issues supported by resources.
2. Create a problem statement.
3. Provide suggestions for addressing the health issue caused by the current policy. Describe what steps are required to initiate policy change. Include necessary stakeholders (government officials, administrator) and budget or funding considerations, if applicable.
4. Discuss the impact on the health care delivery system.
Include four peer-reviewed sources and two other sources to support the policy brief.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, An abstract/thesis is required. Benchmark – Policy Brief assignment
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Materials if you need assistance.
Benchmark Information
Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing
The benchmark assesses the following competencies:
1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.
Benchmark-Policy Brief
Climate change is currently considered a public health emergency. Every community experiences the impact of climate change particularly air pollution. The nursing profession can influence the development and induction of environmental policies to improve the delivery of health care services in the national health care system. For instance, air pollution is an international issue of concern. It affects how the weather and climate are experienced in different places on various types of people (Benjamin, 2016). This paper determines the issues in the environmental healthcare policies, their impacts, and possible solutions of different types of people and communities.
The health effects of climate change are so varied. They range from the enhanced weather conditions, asthma attacks, cardiovascular diseases, heat, and storms that come as a result of ozone degradation. These outcomes are adverse, consequently, active and relevant health organizations are advocating for the support and implementation of the Climate Action Now Act. The policy ensures that the country follows the guidelines and scientific targets of the Paris agreement (Friel, 2019). It also determines ways and strategies of achieving the targets and safeguarding public health from the harmful effects of climate change.
Problem Statement
The health issue affects people from all walks of life. Increased adverse outcomes affect how people access health care services. Extreme heat and storms affect all people in the country, rich or poor, children, adults, women, and teenagers. However, the less advantaged members of the society are more affected than the privileged members. They face real and first-hand health challenges as the threats are scientifically determined and are not hypothetical. According to Johnson and Lichtveld (2017), the vulnerable populations bear the health burden of adverse climate change. Moreover, infants, children, low-income parts of the community, pregnant women, people living with disabilities and chronic illnesses, face greater risk and impact of climate change and weather changes. A change in air quality leads to air pollution. As a result, ozone layer-related morbidity and mortality sets in together with other negative health conditions.
The issue of air pollution emanates from different sources. Coal and gas are fossil fuels; they release harmful emissions when they are utilized. The outcome makes the air less healthy to breathe and live in. Elevated temperatures can lead to harmful allergens and air pollutants. For example, heat and warmer seasons lead to prolonged pollen seasons resulting in increased asthmatic episodes and allergic reactions. The outcome, therefore, means reduced working and production time and school days (Tian & Sun, 2017).
Suggestions to Address the Health Issue
Early, deliberate and responsible actions help safeguard the health and safety of the people. Measures help reduce future climate change impacts and address the current effects for greater health benefits. Strong climate-health adaptation and preparedness programs help decrease the emission of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. People should adopt active means of transport like using bikes or walking instead of cars and machines. The strategy can help reduce air pollution resulting from traffic and encourage physical activity. The step can also help individuals avoid lifestyle conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (Wang, 2020).
Some stakeholders and agencies promote safe environmental conditions through monitoring and tracking initiatives. The U.S environmental protection agency uses the air quality index to educate and help the public quickly learn unhealthy levels of poor air quality. The strategy guides vulnerable individuals to reduce exposure when carrying out their outdoor activities. The agency also seeks to protect citizens from diesel exhaust emissions from trucks, trains, and marine engines which produce carcinogenic products to humans.
Steps to Initiate Policy Change
Policy development is a major way to improve the health outcomes of a population. Nursing and public health professionals are instrumental in the development of the public policy process. The first step is problem identification. On air pollution, the stakeholders should collect and summarize relevant information on the effects on public health and the general population. Further, they should identify the characteristics, severity, scope, and budgetary implications of the problem or issue at hand. They should then package the issue that presents itself as a potential policy solution (Tian & Sun, 2017).
The policy analysis encompasses research and identification of policy options to address the issue. It assesses the morbidity and mortality impact, the economic and budgetary impact of the policy, and the political factors associated with the implementation of the policy. Then, the stakeholders such as the government will identify how the policy will operate through strategy and development. It also identifies what is needed to enact the policy and understand its jurisdiction. Lastly, the policy is enacted and implemented through appropriate procedures and administrative actions. The process is also monitored for action and uptake for recommendations and further directives.
Impact on Health Care Delivery System
Air pollution has negative effects on individual human health. It restricts people from performing outdoor activities like physical exercise, increased emergency room visits for asthmatic attack episodes, and more hospitalizations as a result of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The effects can lead to early mortality and disability, which signifies huge economic costs on the health care system (Friel, 2019).
There are increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits in community hospitals due to a lack of compliance to the federal standards and ozone layer recommendations. These admissions have resulted in the huge payment of hospital bills by private insurance companies and state insurers. Overall, the insurance cost for patients increased to more than $2,015,880 over environmentally preventable diseases. Increased admission of patients would also lead to increased demand for the health care workforce. This phenomenon strains the current supply of limited human resources and consequently leads to the delivery of poor quality services (Wang, 2020).
Conclusion
The impact of climate change on human health is real and detrimental. Air pollution is a major health determinant in the health care system. Authorities should develop policies in collaboration with health care providers to provide steps towards amicable solutions. Additionally, stakeholders should be involved to initiate steps for policy development and change to experience quality public and environmental health.
References
BENJAMIN, G. C. (2016). Shelter in the storm: Health care systems and climate change. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12174
Friel, S. (2019). Climate change, global justice, and health inequities. Climate Change and the People’s Health, 1-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492731.003.0001
Johnson, B. L., & Lichtveld, M. Y. (2017). Steps in environmental health Policymaking. Environmental Policy and Public Health, 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351228473-2
Tian, L., & Sun, S. (2017). Comparison of health impact of air pollution between China and other countries. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 215-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_9
Wang, J. (2020). Climate-smart health care: The power of health care action on air pollution and climate change. European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.299
Benchmark – Policy Brief assignment
Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points
NRS-428VN NRS-428VN-O503 Benchmark – Policy Brief 120.0
Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less Than Satisfactory (80.00%) Satisfactory (88.00%) Good (92.00%) Excellent (100.00%)
Content 80.0%
Description of Policy Health Issue 20.0% Description of the policy issue is omitted. An incomplete description of the policy issue is presented. The origin of this policy is unclear. There is no evidence that this policy creates a health issue, or that it is an issue for the population selected. The level at which the issue occurs has not been identified. There are major inaccuracies. A description of the policy issue is summarized. The origin of the policy is described, but it is unclear why the policy creates a health issue for the population selected. The level at which the issue occurs is identified. There are some inaccuracies. More information and rationale are needed. A general description of the policy issue is presented. The origin of the policy is described and a correlation between the policy and the health issue for the population selected is established. The level at which this occurs is discussed. Some rationale or detail is needed for clarity. A detailed description of the policy issue is presented. The origin of the policy is described and a strong correlation between the policy and the health issue for the population selected is established. The level at which this occurs is discussed. Strong rationale and evidence are offered for support. Insight into the policy health issue is demonstrated.
Problem Statement 20.0% A problem statement is not included. A problem statement is present but lacks detail or is incomplete. Subject knowledge is unclear or inconsistent. A problem statement is present. Some subject knowledge is evident.r A problem statement is included, and subject knowledge is competent. A problem statement is thoroughly developed with supporting details.
Suggestions for Addressing the Policy Health Issue (C 1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.) 20.0% Suggestions for addressing the policy health issue are not included. Suggestions for addressing the policy health issue are incomplete. Suggestions do not include all assignment criteria. The suggestions do not support policy change for the policy health issue. Suggestions for addressing the issue are present. Some subject knowledge is evident. Most assignment criteria are met. The suggestions generally outline steps for policy change. More information or evidence is needed. Suggestions for addressing the issue are present, and subject knowledge is competent. All assignment criteria are met. The suggestions outline steps for policy change. Minor detail is needed for clarity. Suggestions for addressing the issue are thoroughly developed with supporting details. All assignment criteria are met and well-supported. The suggestions are well-supported and offer clear steps for initiating policy change.
Impact on Health Care Delivery System 20.0% A discussion on the impact on the health care delivery system is not included. A discussion on the impact on the health care delivery system is present but lacks detail or is incomplete. Subject knowledge is unclear or inconsistent. A discussion on the impact on the health care delivery system is present. Some subject knowledge is evident. A discussion on the impact on the health care delivery system is present, and subject knowledge is competent. A discussion on the impact on the health care delivery system is thoroughly developed with supporting details.
Organization, Effectiveness, and Format 20.0%
Thesis Development and Purpose 5.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
Argument Logic and Construction 5.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 2.0% Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent. Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 3.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
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