Assignment: Rough Draft Quantitative
Assignment: Rough Draft Quantitative
Assignment: Rough Draft Quantitative
One of the major focuses is nursing is to improve patient outcomes. Such a focus is achieved through undertaking various quality improvement and evidence-based practice projects. Among the conditions which result in adverse outcomes among patients are cardiovascular and hypertension (Wang et al., 2020). Even though pharmacological management strategies have been widely applied to manage these conditions, other interventions such as physical activity have been shown to positively impact the patients’ outcomes. As such, a PICOT question was formulated to guide the study involving cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to perform a research critique for quantitative studies that support the formulated PICOT question stated below.
PICOT question: In all ages with hypertension or cardiovascular disease (P), does increasing physical activity (I) compared to no intervention (C) result in improvement of cardiovascular diseases (O) through self-management or activity monitoring within one year period (T)
Background of Studies
Research forms a significant part of patient outcome improvement strategies. Therefore, research has been conducted in an effort to find articles that support the PICOT question. The targeted problems include hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. These two conditions lead to other diseases and are among the diseases which cause the most number of deaths annually. This problem is significant to nursing practice since nursing interventions can be used to solve them. The purpose of this study is to find out if the application of increased physical activity compared to no intervention would lead to better patient outcomes related to cardiovascular diseases.
In one of the studies, Jeong et al.,2019 explored the impact of physical activity in reducing mortality rates among patients with cardiovascular disease. The study focused on comparing the impact of physical activity on mortality in secondary and primary cardiovascular prevention. This study identified the cardiovascular disease as a major condition that requires appropriate intervention; the researchers analyzed a cohort where they examined the interaction between the presence of cardiovascular disease and physical activity. This study is significant to nursing as it shows that nurses can initiate strategies of engaging patients at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in physical activity to reduce their chances of developing the condition. As earlier pointed out, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of physical activity on mortality in secondary and primary cardiovascular prevention.
Recently, Groothuis et al. (2022) conducted a study that explored physical activity among patients undergoing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. These researchers identified a problem among patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. They found out that most patients with the cardiovascular condition usually fail to realize the needed levels of physical activity when undergoing cardiac rehabilitation or after the rehabilitation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how the measured physical activity and self-reported physical activity differ among patients with cardiovascular conditions and who are undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. This study is also significant to nursing practice as it highlights the importance of physical activity among patients with cardiovascular conditions. As such, the findings can be key to ensuring that this group of patients is offered strategies that can be used to successfully achieve the level of physical activity needed.
How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose?
The two articles were chosen since they support the nursing practice problem chosen. Jeong et al. (2019) highlight that physical activity is key in lowering mortality rates when used in a dose-fashion manner. Indeed, the researchers indicate that there are current guidelines on the number of minutes per week that individuals should be involved in to ensure that they have better outcomes. The researchers recruited individuals with cardiovascular diseases and those who did not have the disease. From the results of this study, an inverse relationship was established to exist between mortality risk and physical activity, as participating in physical activity led to a significant reduction in mortality risk. As such, this article supports the nursing problem chosen. It will be used to answer the PICOT question in that it has a population and intervention identified in the PICOT. While the article dealt with a population-based cohort, the PICOT does not deal with the cohort; however, both the source and the PICOT have the same intervention, which is physical activity.
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On the other hand, Groothuis et al. (2022) will be used to answer the PICOT in that it focuses on measured physical activity and self-reported physical activity among patients undergoing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, it touches on physical activity as an intervention for patients with cardiovascular problems. The population considered in this study were adults with cardiovascular disease. This study did not have a comparison group. However, as in the PICOT question, this study used physical activity as an intervention.
Method of Studies
The two studies employed different methods. Jeong et al.,2019 dealt with a population-based cohort where physical activity was measured using self-reported questionnaires. On the other hand, the other study was an observational study that recruited adults with cardiovascular diseases. The researchers, in this case, used short questionnaires in the assessment of physical activity. One benefit of a cohort study is that it can be used in studying more than one factor, and biases such as interviewer’s bias and recall bias are eliminated. However, cohort studies may have limitations such as the need for a huge amount of resources, required longer periods of time for follow-up, and a problem of attrition. The next study employed an observational study as part of the methods. An observational study has advantages such as the provision of higher levels of accuracy as the researcher is able to interact with the research subjects. On the other hand, observational studies can be costly.
Results of Studies
The two studies reviewed revealed some important results in relation to this study and the nursing practice. From the study conducted by Jeong et al. (2019), the use of physical activity was found to have an impact on both groups. By the end of the years of follow-up, the researchers noted that involvement in physical activity significantly reduced the mortality risk. In addition, an inverse relationship was established between the level of physical activity and the mortality risk. In addition, while there was a benefit of physical activity in both groups, the benefit was higher in the secondary prevention group as compared to the primary prevention group. Another finding of note is that upon participation in the program, the mortality risk for research subjects with cardiovascular disease and engaging in enhanced physical activity levels was found to be lower or comparable to the others without the condition.
The study by Groothuis et al. (2022) also revealed the importance of physical activity for individuals with cardiovascular complications. Among the fifty-one patients recruited to take part in the study, the analysis revealed that four of them failed to obtain the required level of physical activity, which was set at least one hundred and fifty minutes per week, while over eighty percent were still involved in sedentary behavior. The researchers indicate that physical activity, when well used, can lead to better outcomes, for example, monitoring the activity and increasing awareness regarding the importance of engaging in physical activity.
The findings of this these two studies have various implications in nursing practice. For example, the findings underline the fact that physical activity should be included as part of management practice for conditions such as cardiovascular and hypertension for better patient outcomes. In addition, physical activity should be fine-tuned to ensure that they are of benefit to particular groups of patients. Nurses should also fully take part in these strategies and encourage patients to adhere to the recommendations regarding physical activity.
Ethical Considerations
One of the ethical considerations in conducting research is informed consent, as permission has to be sought from the participants to take part in the study. The participants are informed of the aims of the study, potential risks, and benefits (West, 2020). The other one is confidentiality which entails keeping the patient data safe and barring any unauthorized access to the patient data. The researchers used various methods to address ethical concerns. For example, in both cases, patient consent was sought by giving the patients informed consent forms to sign before they could take part in the study. They also protected patient data through coding for confidentiality.
Conclusion
Interventions are key when it comes to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, this write-up has explored the potential use of physical activity toward improving outcomes among patients with cardiovascular conditions. In addition, two quantitative research articles have been critiqued and presented in this write-up. The two studies employed various methods to study the impact of physical activity among patients with cardiovascular conditions.
References
Groothuis, R. J., van Keeken, H. G., de Vries, A. E., & Dijkstra, P. U. (2022). Self-report Versus Measured Physical Activity Levels During Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 42(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000642
Jeong, S. W., Kim, S. H., Kang, S. H., Kim, H. J., Yoon, C. H., Youn, T. J., & Chae, I. H. (2019). Mortality reduction with physical activity in patients with and without cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 40(43), 3547-3555. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz564
Wang, C., Yuan, Y., Zheng, M., Pan, A., Wang, M., Zhao, M., … & Xue, H. (2020). Association of age of onset of hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 75(23), 2921-2930. https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.038
West, E. (2020). Ethics and integrity in nursing research. Handbook of research ethics and scientific integrity, 1051-1069.
Use the practice problem and a quantitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.
In a 1000-1,250 word essay, summarize the study, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.
Refer to the resource “Research Critique Guidelines” for suggested headings and content for your paper.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
