Assignment Robert Rescorla’s Classical Conditioning
Assignment: Robert Rescorla’s Classical Conditioning
Question 1
A famous experiment conducted by _____ showed that children are more likely to be _____ if this behavior is modeled for them.
Select one:
a. Watson; nice
b. Skinner; well-behaved
c. Bandura; aggressive
d. Thorndike; afraid
Question 2
A major problem with cramming for an exam is that it overloads the capacity of _____
Select one:
a. storage.
b. short-term memory.
c. long-term memory.
d. sensory memory.
Question 3
A test is said to be reliable if _____
Select one:
a. a person’s score on a test is pretty much the same every time he or she takes it.
b. it contains an adequate sample of the skills it is supposed to measure.
c. its results agree with a more direct measure of what the test is designed to predict.
d. it is culture-fair.
Question 4
According to Robert Sternberg, _____ intelligence refers to the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving. This is the type of intelligence that is measured by intelligence tests and academic achievement tests.
Select one:
a. analytical/componential
b. creative/experiential
c. practical/contextual
d. kinesthetic/spatial
Question 5
Another example of the power of classical conditioning occurs when _____
Select one:
a. a child is given a treat for finishing chores and increases that behavior.
b. we learn a skill by watching someone else, which makes our mirror neurons fire.
c. the neighborhood where we got high makes us crave the drug.
d. we teach our dog to sit by using rewards.
Question 6
As 3-year-old Angelo eats his bagel, he accidentally breaks it in half. He then says to his mom, “Uh oh, the bagel gone. I go get another.” Angelo is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
Select one:
a. formal operations
b. preoperational
c. hypothetico-deductive reasoning
d. sensorimotor
Question 7
As 3-year-old Luca is learning to count to ten, his parents notice he always remembers one, two, three easily and then nine, ten easily. However, he often skips or mixes up the numbers in the middle. This example demonstrates _____
Select one:
a. the serial position effect.
b. severe problems in metacognition.
c. only the primacy effect.
d. only the recency effect.
Question 8
Benny is throwing rocks at a neighbor’s house. Just as Trisha picks up a rock and is about to throw it, the neighbor comes out and yells at Benny. Trisha quickly decides not to throw the rock. What has she just demonstrated?
Select one:
a. the elicitation effect
b. the disinhibitory effect
c. the insight effect
d. the inhibitory effect
Question 9
Benson, a black lab, had learned to associate two stimuli with getting taken for a walk, his owner getting out his leash, and his owner getting out a belt. Every time his owner picked up his belt, Benson would jump around and get excited. His owner wanted Benson to stop that so he repeatedly took out his belt without taking Benson for a walk, and always took him for a walk when getting out his leash. He was teaching Benson to _____
Select one:
a. generalize.
b. extinguish.
c. discriminate.
d. learn preferentially.
Question 10
Billy taught two rats how to play basketball for his experimental psychology class. What process did he likely use?
Select one:
a. operant conditioning
b. shaping
c. reinforcement
d. punishment
Robert Rescorla’s Classical Conditioning
Question 11
Children and adolescents are often enticed into drug use, drinking and sexual behavior by observing these behaviors amongst their friends and acquaintances. Being influenced to exhibit behaviors that one has previously learned to suppress is called the _____
Select one:
a. elicitation effect.
b. inhibitory effect.
c. disinhibitory effect.
d. vicarious impact effect.
Question 12
Declarative memory is to explicit memory as short-term memory is to _____
Select one:
a. semantic memory.
b. working memory.
c. nondeclarative memory.
d. episodic memory.
Question 13
Dora just gave birth to her first child. She wants her daughter to grow up to be happy, self-reliant, assertive, socially skilled, and responsible. Based on Baumrind’s research, which parenting style should Dora practice from this moment on?
Select one:
a. permissive type
b. independent type
c. authoritative type
d. indulgent type
Question 14
Douglas was shown a painting for a few moments, and then was asked to jot down as many details regarding the painting as he could remember. As he began writing, he was surprised to learn that although he remembered what the painting was, he had trouble recalling the details and seemed to lose them within a few seconds. Based on this information, the original information was likely stored in his _____ memory.
Select one:
a. sensory
b. explicit
c. short-term
Assignment Robert Rescorla’s Classical Conditioning
d. latent
Question 15
Dustin is a child who never seems to eat or sleep on a schedule. He is described as an “intense” kid by his parents and is often irritable. Based on this information, what type of temperament does Dustin likely have?
Select one:
a. slow-to-warm-up
b. easy
c. insecure
d. difficult
Question 16
Every time 18-month-old Shayla tried to feed herself, her nanny would tell her to stop and wipe up the mess she had made. Her nanny would then proceed to feed her so the high chair wouldn’t get dirty. Which stage of psychosocial development will Shayla likely unsuccessfully resolve?
Select one:
a. basic trust vs. mistrust
b. intimacy vs. isolation
c. generativity vs. stagnation
d. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Question 17
Gabriel is a 16-month-old boy who lives with his mom and grandma. He calls his mom “Mama” and his grandma “Nona.” Last week, Gabriel was at the grocery store with his mom and saw a little lady with white hair and glasses that looked similar to his grandma. He immediately called her “Nona.” Gabriel demonstrated _____
Select one:
a. an underextension error.
b. a misuse of telegraphic speech.
c. an overextension error.
d. a phonemic error.
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Question 18
Gertrude is a nervous child. She tends to withdraw from other children and family members. However, if given enough time, Gertrude slowly adapts to new situations, people, and environments. Based on this information, what type of temperament does Gertrude likely have?
Select one:
a. slow-to-warm-up
b. easy
c. insecure
d. difficult
Question 19
Giuseppe cannot remember exactly what happened at the wedding he attended a while ago, but he knows that the reception followed the ceremony. He also knows that at the reception, there was a large guest list, great food, and lots of dancing. Giuseppe is using _____ to help him reconstruct his memory for the event.
Select one:
a. relearning
b. recognition
c. metacognition
d. a schema
Question 20
In order for behavior modification to work, the behavior must be _____ and _____
Select one:
a. aversive; changeable.
b. reinforceable; conditionable.
c. observable; measurable.
d. subjective; qualitative.
Question 21
In terms of classical conditioning, which element of the process did Robert Rescorla argue was the most important?
Select one:
a. the timing between the pairing of the stimuli
b. the reward that came after the stimulus
c. the predictive value of the unconditioned stimulus
d. the repeated pairing of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli
Question 22
In the “Little Albert” study, the fear-producing stimulus used as an unconditioned stimulus was the _____.
Select one:
a. white rat
b. loud noise
c. fear of the rat
d. fear of the noise
Question 23
Learning that occurs, but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change, is called _____
Select one:
a. insight.
b. innate learning.
c. vicarious learning.
d. latent learning.
Question 24
Long-term memories are usually stored in _____ form.
Select one:
a. visual
b. tactile
c. gustatory
d. semantic
Question 25
Long-term memory is broken down into _____ and _____
Select one:
a. declarative memory; nondeclarative memory.
b. iconic memory; echoic memory.
c. working memory; short-term memory.
d. implicit memory; sensory memory.
Robert Rescorla’s Classical Conditioning
Question 26
Lucille remembers the day she won the lottery like it was yesterday. She was at the gas station filling up her car and decided to check the lottery ticket she had purchased the day before. When the gas station attendant scanned it, he looked at her with a huge smile and then told her to get ready for some fantastic news. The memory of this event is located in Lucille’s _____
Select one:
a. episodic memory.
b. nondeclarative memory.
c. sensory memory.
d. short-term memory.
Question 27
Melanie is asked the question, “What if humans never had hands or feet?” Though she knows most humans do have hands and feet, she says, “Well, I guess we wouldn’t have the need for shoes or gloves anymore. Hmmm…I suppose it might be really difficult for humans to keep their balance if they didn’t have feet.” According to Piaget, in what stage is Melanie?
Select one:
a. reversibility
b. preoperational
c. formal operations
d. concrete operations
Question 28
Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Michael’s own relationships when he is older?
Select one:
a. Michael will probably treat women very well, as he rebels against the behaviors he saw in his father.
b. Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father.
c. Michael will probably have no relationships with women, as his father has taught him that relationships are not worth having.
d. Michael will always be very distant from his father, as he has learned that his father does not care about anyone but himself.
Question 29
Most of the children in the New York Longitudinal Study, which was started in 1956, displayed a No _____
Select one:
a. insecure attachment.
b. easy temperament.
c. secure attachment.
d. slow-to-warm-up temperament.
Question 30
Of the following researchers, who would be most interested in moral development?
Select one:
a. Erik Erikson
b. Lawrence Kohlberg
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Harry Harlow
Question 31
One day Oliver was sitting with his friend as they were discussing how long they have been friends. As they counted back, Oliver said, “Oh, I remember. We met in the third grade at recess time.” As he and his friend reminisced, Oliver came to the conclusion that because he hadn’t thought about the third grade in so many years, he could not remember who their teacher was. In fact, he could not remember anything about his teacher. What is Oliver likely experiencing?
Select one:
a. consolidation failure
b. interference failure
c. memory decay
d. anterograde amnesia
Question 32
Pavlov and Watson believed the critical element in classical conditioning was the _____ of stimuli; Rescorla believed it was how well the conditioned stimulus made it possible to _____
Select one:
a. expectancy; remember the consequences.
b. pairing; make good predictions.
c. strength; repeat the pairing.
d. aversiveness; escape.
Question 33
Rescorla provided evidence that supported his theory by _____
Select one:
a. examining the brains of his rat subjects in a conditioning experiment.
b. presenting a conditioned stimulus with and without the unconditioned stimulus.
c. pairing conditioned and unconditioned stimuli only once.
d. pairing the unconditioned stimulus with several neutral stimuli.
Question 34
Sensory memory holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from _____ to _____
Select one:
a. a fraction of a second; two seconds.
b. two seconds; ten seconds.
c. a fraction of a second; ten seconds.
d. a fraction of a minute; two minutes.
Question 35
Sixteen-month-old Nina cries and appears distressed when her parents leave her with the babysitter she has known since she was born. Nina is demonstrating _____
Select one:
a. temperamental issues.
b. stranger anxiety.
c. an avoidant attachment.
d. separation anxiety.
Question 36
Sixteen-year-old Andre was helping his parents clean the windows. Unfortunately, one of the panes of glass nearby fell out of the window opening and left a cut on Andre’s nose as he caught it. Andre is upset because now he is convinced his classmates will notice it and poke fun of him at school. Which of the following concepts best underlies Andre’s thinking?
Select one:
a. the imaginary audience
b. reversibility
c. naïve idealism
d. the personal fable
Question 37
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- Student paper example
- Citing Sources
- The Writing Center is a great resource
Welcome to class
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Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
