Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison: The two theories I am comparing and contrasting is the theory of behaviorism and the sociocultural theory on cognitive development. The theory of behaviorism is made up of conditioning. According to Berk, behavior is dependent on the environment and it can be molded and shaped in the presence or absence of reinforcement and punishment. In the social cultural theory, behavior is dependent on the culture, customs, and traditions surrounding an individual (2014).
Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
Similar strengths on cognitive development these theories share is that they both consider one’s environment as an important influence on learning. However, both theories also place emphasis on adults influence on a child’s cognitive development. For example, with behaviorism, a parent can increase the wanted behavior with verbal praise or an edible reinforcement. In the social cultural perspective, parents or teachers exchanging knowledge to children influences their cognitive development. Both theories also believe cognitive development to occur throughout life. Similarly, both theories share a limited emphasis on an individual’s ability to shape their own cognitive development and achievement (Berk, 2014). According to McKee and Barber, (as cited by Aldwin, 2014), individuals cannot make their own conscious decisions if they are not aware of what effects them.
Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
The Sociocultural Theory
The social cultural theory is different from behaviorism because it includes culture and group interaction as an impact on development. Vygotsky introduced scaffolding, (as cited by Laureate Education, 2010), or assessing what an individual knows and building on that. The school system is a good example of scaffolding which has a great impact on cognitive development from childhood to adulthood. Thus, teachers asses what you know and build on that each year. In contrast, behaviorism focuses on molding single specific behaviors.
Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison states that Further, another difference is in their limitations. Behaviorism lacks explanation for other environmental influences different from punishment and reinforcement that might influence development. Therefore, while the cultural theory might have more explanations, these explanations might include biases from researchers and the findings of one culture may not be consistent with findings in another culture (Berk, 2014).
References for Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
Aldwin, C. M. (2014). Rethinking developmental science. Research in Human Development, 11(4), 247–254.
Berk, L. E. (2014). Development through the lifespan (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education
Laureate Education. (Producer). (2010a). Cognitive development theories [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
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Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison
Communication
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Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a psychological theory that tries to explain why people act in certain ways. The focus of behaviorism is on what can be observed. All behavior, according to behaviorists, may be traced back to environmental stimuli. Furthermore, behaviorists believe that reinforcements and punishments can be used to change behavior. Reinforcements are stimuli that promote a specific behavior to repeat itself, while punishments are stimuli that discourage a specific action. Behaviorism was created by early behaviorists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner to shift psychology’s focus to the visible and quantifiable.
Learning through social interaction
The ideas offered by behaviorism are expanded by social learning theory. Social learning, like behaviorism, tries to explain why people act the way they do; however, social learning claims that behavior is based on a mix of external stimuli and internal psychological processes. Retention, reproduction, and motivation are three prerequisites for someone to learn a behavior according to social learning theory. Retention refers to an individual’s ability to recall witnessed behavior, while reproduction refers to that individual’s ability to repeat that action. The urge to engage in that conduct is referred to as motivation.
Social Learning vs. Behaviorism
according to Assignment: Behaviorism and the sociocultural theories comparison, Although social learning theory and behaviorism have certain parallels, social learning theory adds an element of interior thought processes to behavior that behaviorism does not investigate. Theorists of social learning claim that behavior is more complex than stimuli and responses. Individuals learn by observation and imitation of the conduct of those around them, according to social learning theory, in addition to the external reinforcements provided by behaviorism. Peer pressure can lead to someone following the herd in order to fit in and be accepted, even if the observed behavior goes against their personal convictions.
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